IELTS Global Warming Essay - Model Answer. Probably the most worrying threat to our planet at the present time is global warming. This essay will examine the reasons why global warming is occurring and discuss some possible solutions. The predominant factors resulting in the warming of the earth are the emissions of CO2 and deforestation Sep 23, · Having familiarized you with the idea of global warming and pointer to keep in mind when writing an essay on global warming, we proceed ahead to give you some samples of essays on global warming. Essay on Global Warming in – words. Global Warming is caused by the increase of carbon dioxide levels in the earth’s atmosphere and a Oct 08, · Essay Of Global Warming: Where Do You Place Environmental Activism Another concept that features prominently in global warming essays is environmental activism. You can either include it as a separate paragraph in a short essay or a different subtopic for longer papers
How To Write A Winning Essay On Global Warming
Probably every conflict is fought on at least two grounds : the battlefield and the minds of the people via propaganda. The good guys and the bad guys can often both be guilty of misleading their people with distortions, exaggerations, subjectivity, inaccuracy and even fabrications, in order to receive support and a sense of legitimacy. Propaganda can serve to rally people behind a cause, but often at the cost of exaggerating, misrepresenting, or even lying about the issues in order to gain that support.
While the issue of propaganda often is discussed in the context of militarism, war and war-mongering, it is around us in all aspects of life, global issues essay. As the various examples below will show, common tactics in propaganda often used by either side include:. Some of the following sections look into how propaganda is used in various ways, expanding on the above list of tactics and devices.
At times of war, global issues essay, or build up for war, messages of extremities and hate, combined with emotions of honor and righteousness interplay to provide powerful propaganda for a cause.
Many say that it is inevitable in war that people will die. Yet, in many cases, war itself is not inevitable, global issues essay, and propaganda is often employed to go closer to war, if that is the preferred foreign policy option. Indeed, global issues essay, once war starts, civilian casualties are unfortunately almost a guaranteed certainty.
Those who promote the negative image of the enemy may often reinforce it with rhetoric about the righteousness of themselves; the attempt is to muster up support and nurture the belief that what is to be done is in the positive and beneficial interest of everyone.
Often, the principles used to demonize the other, global issues essay, is not used to judge the self, global issues essay, leading to accusations of double standards and hypocrisy. Next the statesmen will invent cheap lies, putting the blame upon the nation that is attacked, and every man will be glad of those conscience-soothing falsities, and will diligently study them, and refuse to examine any refutations of them; and thus he global issues essay by and by convince himself that the war is just, and will thank God for the better sleep he enjoys after this process of grotesque self-deception.
The list of tactics global issues essay in propaganda listed further above is also expressed in a similar way by Johann Galtung, a professor of Peace Studies and summarized here by Danny Schechter:. Each implicitly suggests more explicit remedies. Arthur Siegel, a social science professor at York University in Toronto, describes four levels of varieties of propaganda:. No global issues essay how it is spread, propaganda comes in four basic varieties, said Arthur Siegel, social science professor at York University in Toronto, whose book Radio Canada International examines World War II and Cold War propaganda.
The first level is the Big Lie, adapted by Hitler and Stalin. The state-controlled Egyptian press has been spreading a Big Lie, saying the World Trade Center was attacked by Israel to embarrass Arabs, said Siegel.
The fourth and most productive is to tell the truth, the good and the bad, the losses and the gains, global issues essay. Governments in Western society take the global issues essay three global issues essay. They avoid the Big Lie, which nobody here will swallow, Siegel said, global issues essay. With the last point above, Siegel is pointing out that as well as enemies having propaganda mechanisms, we also have our own propaganda mechanisms.
In preparing for or justifying war, additional techniques are often employed, knowingly or unknowingly:, global issues essay. Ottosen identifies several key stages of a military campaign to soften up public opinion through the media in preparation for an armed intervention. These are:. The Justification Stage —during which big news is produced to lend urgency to the case for armed intervention to bring about a rapid restitution of normality. The Implementation Stage —when pooling and censorship provide control of coverage.
The Aftermath —during which normality is portrayed as returning to the region, before it once again drops down the news agenda, global issues essay. Human interest stories … are ideal for engendering this atmosphere. The purpose of this was to create arousal and demonize Iraq so war was more acceptable.
Award-winning investigative journalist, Phillip Knightley, in an article for the British paper, The Guardian also points out four stages in preparing a nation for war :. Knightley also points to the dilemma that while some stories are known to have been fabrications and outright lies, others may be true.
The trouble is, global issues essay, he asks, how can we tell? His answer is unfortunately not too reassuring: The media demands that we trust it but too often that trust has been betrayed.
The difficulty that honest journalists face is also hinted to global issues essay another article by Knightley:. One difficulty is that the media have little or no memory. War correspondents have short working lives and there is no tradition or means for passing on their knowledge and experience. The military, on the other hand, is an institution and goes on forever. The military learned a lot from Vietnam and these days plans its media strategy with as much attention as its military strategy.
Miren Guiterrez, editor-in-chief of Inter Press Service notes a number of elements of propaganda taking the more recent wars into account, the War on terror and the Iraq crisis. Summing up his short but detailed report, he includes the following as propaganda strategies:. Military control of information during war time is also a major contributing factor to propaganda, especially when the media go along with it without question.
The military recognizes the values of media and information control very well. The military often manipulates the mainstream media, by restricting or managing what information is presented and hence what the public are told. For them it is paramount to control the media.
This can involve all manner of activities, from organizing media sessions and daily press briefings, or through providing managed access to war zones, to even planting stories. This has happened throughout the 20th century. Over time then, the way that the media covers conflicts degrades global issues essay quality, critique and objectiveness. Information is the currency of victory an August U, global issues essay.
Army field manual. However, as well as needing to deceive adversaries, in order to maintain public support, information to their own public must no doubt be managed as well. That makes sense from a military perspective. Sometimes the public can be willing to sacrifice detailed knowledge. But that can also lead to unaccountability and when information that is presented has been managed such, propaganda is often the result.
Beelman also describes how this Information Operations is used to manage information:. For reporters covering this war [on terrorism], the challenge is not just in getting unfettered and uncensored access to U. troops and the battlefield—a long and mostly losing struggle in the past—but in discerning between information and disinformation. IO, as it is known, groups together information functions ranging from public affairs PA, the military spokespersons corps to military deception and psychological operations, or PSYOP.
What this means is that people whose job traditionally has been to talk to the media and divulge truthfully what they are able to tell now work hand-in-glove with those whose job it is to support battlefield operations with information, not all of which may be truthful. Danny Schechter, also referring to the article above by Beelman, describes Information Operations more bluntly as being a way of obscuring and sanitizing that negative-sounding term propaganda so that our information warriors can do their thing with a minimum of public attention as they seek to engineer friendly write ups and cumulative impact.
This, he points out, can be accomplished via several strategies :. During the short invasion of Iraq injournalists were embedded with various Coalition forces.
This was an idea born from the public relations industry, and provided media outlets a detailed and fascinating view for their audiences. For the military, however, global issues essay, it provided a means to control what large audiences would see, to some extent. Independent journalists would be looked upon more suspiciously. In a way, embedded journalists were unwittingly sometimes knowingly making a decision to be biased in their reporting, global issues essay, in favor of the Coalition troops, global issues essay.
If an embedded journalist was to report unfavorably on coalition forces they were accompanying they would not get any cooperation. So, in a sense allowing journalists to get closer meant the military had more chance to try and manage the message. This documentary looked at Coalition media management for the Iraq war and noted numerous things including the following:. In summary then, global issues essay, the documentary concluded and implied that the media had successfully been designated a mostly controllable role by the military, which would no doubt improve in the future.
With military conflicts then, reporting raises an interesting dilemma for some; one the one hand, the military wish global issues essay present various aspects that would support a campaign, while on the other hand, a journalist is supposed to be critical and not necessarily fall in line. The is captured well by Jane Kirtley, a professor of Media Ethics and Law:.
Shortly after the end of the American Civil War, journalist F. Colburn Adams wrote, The future historian of the late war will have [a] very difficult task to perform … sifting the truth from falsehood as it appears in official records. The journalist, on the other hand, is a skeptic if not a cynic and aims to seek, find and report the truth — a mission both parties often view as incompatible with successful warfare, which depends on secrecy and deception as much as superior strategy, tactics, weaponry and manpower.
Often, especially when covering conflicts, the media organizations are subject to various constraints by governments, military, corporate pressure, economic interests, etc, global issues essay.
Sometimes, however, the media are more than willing to go along with what could be described as self-censorship, as highlighted vividly in the following:. We live in a dirty and dangerous world. I believe democracy flourishes when the government can take legitimate steps to keep its secrets and when the press can decide whether to print what it knows. Other times, the sources of information are global issues essay. For example, Information warfare of a military or government might be targeted at enemy nations and groups, but often affects their own global issues essay. In [many cases], the U, global issues essay.
and other western news media depend on the military for information…. And when the information that military officers global issues essay to the public is global issues essay of a process that generates propaganda and places a high value on deceit, deception and denial, then truth is indeed likely to be high on the casualty list. Journalist Harold Evans addresses the issue of war correspondents duties, as being the challenge of patriotism versus professionalism:.
The history of warfare suggests this is not a false antithesis. Governments, understandably, put a priority on nurturing the morale of the armed forces and the people, intimidating an enemy with the force of the national will They have few scruples about whether they are being fair and just as their propaganda demonizes an alien leader or even a whole population, global issues essay.
The enemy is doing the same to them. That is the emotion wars generate, inviting a competitive ecstasy of hate.
There is a duel in vicious stereotypes in propaganda posters, illustrations and headlines; populations would be astounded if they could see how they and their leaders are portrayed by the other side. Global issues essay resents it when a newspaper or broadcast shades the black and white. History knows now that the Germans did not, as charged in World War I, toss Belgian babies in the air and catch them on global issues essay, nor boil down German corpses for glycerin for munitions—a story invented by a British correspondent being pressed by his office for news of atrocities.
The French did not, as the German press reported, global issues essay, routinely gouge out the eyes of captured German soldiers, or chop off their fingers for the rings on them. Iraqi soldiers invading Kuwait did not toss premature babies out of incubators, as The Sunday Telegraph in London, and then the Los Angeles Timesreported, quoting Reuters. It was only global issues essay years later that the whole thing was exposed for the fraud it was.
But the myth galvanized public opinion at a critical moment on the need to go to war, as it was intended to. The journalists were told the families were all to be shot because someone in the street had identified them as communists.
Dower, who was a commando before he was a reporter, was carrying a carbine.
Global Issues
, time: 1:42Essay on Global Warming with Samples ( & words) - Leverage Edu
May 26, · Here we have provided one brief long essay of words, one short essay of words, and ten important lines covering the topic. Long Essay on Environmental Issues words in English. Environmental Issues essay is best suited for classes 7,8,9,10 for their exams. Environmental issues were not a matter of concern in the years gone by Sep 23, · Having familiarized you with the idea of global warming and pointer to keep in mind when writing an essay on global warming, we proceed ahead to give you some samples of essays on global warming. Essay on Global Warming in – words. Global Warming is caused by the increase of carbon dioxide levels in the earth’s atmosphere and a IELTS Global Warming Essay - Model Answer. Probably the most worrying threat to our planet at the present time is global warming. This essay will examine the reasons why global warming is occurring and discuss some possible solutions. The predominant factors resulting in the warming of the earth are the emissions of CO2 and deforestation
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